Interactions between Phosphorus- and Nitrogen-Containing Flame Retardants
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
A New Standard of Abbreviations for Brominated, Chlorinated and Phosphorus Containing Flame Retardants
1 Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; 2 The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK; 3 VU University, Institute for Environmental Studies, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 4 Toxicolo...
متن کاملPhosphorus flame retardants: properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis.
Since the ban on some brominated flame retardants (BFRs), phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), which were responsible for 20% of the flame retardant (FR) consumption in 2006 in Europe, are often proposed as alternatives for BFRs. PFRs can be divided in three main groups, inorganic, organic and halogen containing PFRs. Most of the PFRs have a mechanism of action in the solid phase of burning mate...
متن کاملElectronic device encapsulation using red phosphorus flame retardants
This paper presents an analysis of the use of red phosphorus as a flame retardant material in encapsulated microcircuits and discusses the reliability risks. Chemical reactions, which can arise when red phosphorus is exposed to ambient humidity to form highly mobile ions and oxygen-containing phosphorus acids, are presented. These ions and acids can induce electro-chemical migration, causing sh...
متن کاملBrominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants
1International POPs Elimination Network, Berkeley, California, USA; 2Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; 3Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA; 4Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, and 5Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 6Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berke...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Polymer Journal
سال: 1998
ISSN: 0032-3896,1349-0540
DOI: 10.1295/polymj.30.163